The employment of household staff is common in South Africa by both local and expat families of all races, due to the large social-economic gap pervasive in the country (for cleaning, gardening, child care, etc.). It can be complicated, both morally and practically, and can dramatically improve your lifestyle in some ways. But, at the end of the day, it’s a personal choice for what’s best in your situation.

When I first came to South Africa I was firmly against employing full time household staff but then I found Francina working and living in the home we were moving in to. My choice changed to hiring someone or whether to make a middle-aged woman unemployed and homeless. It made my decision easier… Although she retired shortly after my first child was born!!! Very wise of her!!

I have been very lucky with the people we have employed. Each has been fantastic and we now have the most wonderful and joyful lady working with us. Nonhlanhla has been a massive blessing to my family, she brings fun and laughter to our house, loves our children, and looks after any guest like royalty.

In truth, I now believe the moral question is not whether you choose to employ or not. Rather, if you do employ someone, how will you do it? In his inspirational The Long Walk to Freedom, Nelson Mandela wrote that:

“A Nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but it's lowest ones”.

I firmly believe that you can judge the character of a person and a household by how happy, engaged and fairly paid the domestic worker or nanny is. (Please note that the term “maid” is used often but can be considered derogatory, and the word domestic worker is used instead.)

Some South Africans are amazing employers and are helping in their own homes to rewrite the wrongs of the past. Many South Africans pay for their domestic worker’s children to attend the same private schools their own children go to, others pay for driving licenses, loans to buy property, cars, to put them through apprenticeships… there are 101 ways you can support an individual or family that makes your life a bit better.

Unfortunately here are still some who do still take advantage of people needing work. It is common to hear that employers don't pay a fair wage because they think they can always get someone else at a cheaper daily rate look after their children and homes. There are others who treat their employment as charity, expecting to be thanked, and favours to be returned for their generosity. There are also those who feel let down, betrayed or misunderstood.

At the start of employment, I’ve always asked each person what they would like to do and will offer to pay for training in order for them to upskill (and ultimately let them escape us). Our first nanny took courses in health and safety, food preparation and crafts. Our current nanny (the aforementioned Nonny) decided she would like to be a teacher. Each Saturday morning she attends college, and now has a job as a pre-school teacher.

Having staff in the home is a big cultural difference if you aren’t used to it, but you can approach it the same as any other form of employment or relationship. Keep communication open and regular. Ask yourself if you could do that role, work those hours, and for that pay. I am sure you will hear good and bad stories, but your experience will be uniquely yours.

Things You Need To Know

The domestic worker industry has come a long way since 1994 at the end of apartheid. This is now a regulated industry that will require complying with the following legislation:

Common Laws of South Africa
Labour Relations Act
Basic Conditions of Employment Act
Sectorial Determination of Domestic Workers

There is a domestic staff workers union who advocates for the industry, but it is rare that you hear of any formal reporting happening by employees or employers at this time, partly out of lack of information (and fear, honestly). But it does happen. Overall, it’s important to establish clear lines of communication and expectations upfront. A language barrier might be something you may need to overcome in some instances, as many domestic workers don’t speak English as their first language (common first languages are Zulu, Tswana, Pedi and Sotho).

Live-In or Live-Out?

Most domestic workers will travel long distances for their jobs if they are live-out. Consider this in your pay rate or your expectations on hours and over-time work.

Most houses that you will see around the metro areas have domestic quarters on the property. You can choose to have a live-in support, or live-out support in either case. Be sure you see this attached or detached cottage and understand what quality of house you can provide for a domestic worker, if you want someone live-in.

Naturally, these women have lives of their own as well, and many have children. If they do have children, would the children be able to stay living with them, or are the children enrolled in a school across town? If they are living with you, how will the children interact with you and your family? We find it a blessing to have added South African family/siblings to our household, but not everyone is so open. Think about what works for you and your family and be clear about what you expect!

Finding a Domestic Worker

The most common way of finding a domestic worker is to reach out to your network for recommendations. If you are just moving here, you may not have a network yet, so you can either wait until you find someone to trust, use a professional recruitment service. Ask your realtor or relocations group for advices.

It is common for your residential neighborhood, area, workspace, or whatever community you find yourself in to have a Facebook Group or WhatsApp Group. Its a great way to ask for recommendations. At any time, you are welcome to ask for advice on our Moving To South Africa Facebook Group as well!

Professional Recruitment Services

Sweep South (A newly established online portal where you can book cleaning appointments online with screened domestic workers. This is includes insurance and is very affordable for ad hoc cleaning.)
Domestic Bliss
Domestic Guardians
Little Sunshines (Au pair agency)

To employ domestic workers to look after children, make sure you have a more in-depth research and interview process. Many service providers can offer this support to find the right fit.

Healthcare

HIV/AIDS is notoriously prevalent in South Africa, although it is illegal to require someone to reveal their status. However, many professional recruitment services will require domestic workers to have a tuberculosis (TB) screening.

SEE OUR HEALTHCARE BLOG POST FOR FURTHER GUIDANCE ON HIV AND DOMESTIC WORKERS.

You may want to outline expectations about healthcare upfront. There are public hospitals that will provide services, and you should find the one closest to your home in an emergency. It is your choice if you want to support your worker or worker’s family in the case of a health crises. It may be something you want to consider, as we often hear of problems surrounding ongoing medication, tests, doctor visits, emergencies, and the like. Set an agreement about what you will and will not consider when health is a challenge.

Wages

Wages are paid at month’s end. You can pay in cash, EFT, or even send money via your bank App. Whatever suits your worker.

When determining a wage for your domestic worker, you’ll need to consider the following:

   •   Hours of work
   •   Overtime pay
   •   Salary increases
   •   Deductions (for example, rental for a live-in space)
   •   Annual and sick leave

Minimum wages differs between urban (A) and non-urban areas (B), so make sure you know what you need to comply with, although in most cases (unless you live just outside of Johannesburg), you’ll need to comply with the wages set out in A. Most people will pay at least R350 per day, plus money for transport, and meals in addition. This then will be increased each annual in line with inflation.

About meals… on a regular day, you should be sure to feed all your domestic helpers, including gardeners and cleaners. It is standard to give them tea and a breakfast, and lunch. If you choose not to do this, tell them in advance and give them a small bit of extra pay for the day’s meals.

This is a great tool if you are employing someone full time, to ensure you are covering basic costs of living: http://living-wage.co.za

Follow this link for everything else you need to know (including a contract template).

Employment Contract

It’s advisable and legally required to have a formal employment contract set out before hiring a domestic worker full-time. See link above for a template. Part-time workers usually do not expect a contract, but you can choose to create one that clearly outlines expectations.

Also consider that you will need to register and deduct costs like UIF from your employee’s monthly wages. UIF is the Unemployment Insurance Fund. Some people opt to deduct costs like health insurance and airtime from monthly wages, but this is not regulated and will need to be agreed to in the contract.

Be aware when hiring someone that labour law is very strict in South Africa, and if an employee feels that you have dismissed them unfairly you will taken to the CCMA (Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration), so make sure understand all the legal requirements and a clear contract agreement in place to avoid any potential conflict.

Advice For Making A Contract

Having a job description is vital!
It is helpful to set up a cleaning schedule and lay out clear expectations as some domestic workers may be more experienced than others, and some will need some guidance as to where, how and how often to clean, and which cleaning products to use.
LEAVE: Ensure that in the employment contract annual leave is clearly defined as to whether it is entitled to or on an accumulation.
TERMINATION: Termination of a contract should always be in writing. It is custom to help find your domestic worker another job, and to pay anywhere between 3 months - 1 year salary as compensation.
SUNDAY: Sunday work needs to be agreed on by both the employee and employer. Generally, if the employee works on a Sunday he/she shall be paid double the daily wage. Of it it is the routine to work Sundays, he/she shall be paid one and a half times the wage for every hour. Paid time-off in return for working on a Sunday may be agreed upon.
Family Responsibility leave is for five (5) days.
The Sectorial Determination prohibits an employer from deducting any monies from the workers’ wages without his/her written permission.
LANGUAGE: Your domestic worker’s language skills may not be the same as yours! Be sure to sit down with her/him and go over your contract verbally so you both understand the expectations and ask questions of each other.